What Geology Majors Can Expect

Geology majors can expect to study the environment and how humans are affected by it. They learn about the history of the earth and how humans have changed it over time, as well as the earth’s environmental processes and physical makeup, such as solids, liquids and gases. To gain an understanding about the scientific processes that occur in nature, majors take basic courses in math, biology, chemistry and physics. They learn about geology through courses like physical geology, geophysics and geochemistry, and continue on to more specialized courses in specific areas of geology, such as paleontology and mineralogy, depending on their interests. After earning a bachelor’s, geology majors can expect to continue their education. While a bachelor’s degree is required for most entry-level positions, a master’s degree is typically required for research positions in Federal agencies, private industry, and State geological surveys.

Geology majors can expect to pursue careers as geoscientists, geologists, geophysicists, and hydrologists. Geoscientists spend their time studying the Earth’s physical aspects through the use of sophisticated instruments that analyize the composition of earth, water, and rock. They work to preserve and clean up the environment, as well as search for natural resources like minerals, petroleum, metals, and groundwater. Geologists study the history of the earth, along with its composition and processes. They analyze rocks in order to learn how they were formed as well as plant and animal fossils to learn about the evolution of life. Geophysicists apply principles of mathematics, chemistry, and physics, to study the surface of the Earth, internal composition, atmosphere, ground and surface waters, and gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces. Hydrologists study water, including its quantity, distribution, and circulation, along with the physical properties and water cycle.

Geology majors can expect a good career outlook. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, geoscientists and hydrologists can expect an employment growth of 18 percent between 2008 and 2018. This growth is due to the need for energy, environmental protection, and responsible land and water management. Those who earn their master’s in geoscience are projected to have excellent career opportunities, particularly at consulting firms and within the gas and oil industry. Career opportunities for hydrologists are also favorable, as there should be an increased demand for those who understand the engineering and scientific aspects of waste remediation. In May 2008 the median annual wages of geoscientists were $79,160, with the lowest 10 percent earning less than $41,700, and the highest 10 percent earning more than $155,430.

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